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-// Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
-// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
-// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
-
-/*
- pflag is a drop-in replacement for Go's flag package, implementing
- POSIX/GNU-style --flags.
-
- pflag is compatible with the GNU extensions to the POSIX recommendations
- for command-line options. See
- http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Argument-Syntax.html
-
- Usage:
-
- pflag is a drop-in replacement of Go's native flag package. If you import
- pflag under the name "flag" then all code should continue to function
- with no changes.
-
- import flag "github.com/ogier/pflag"
-
- There is one exception to this: if you directly instantiate the Flag struct
- there is one more field "Shorthand" that you will need to set.
- Most code never instantiates this struct directly, and instead uses
- functions such as String(), BoolVar(), and Var(), and is therefore
- unaffected.
-
- Define flags using flag.String(), Bool(), Int(), etc.
-
- This declares an integer flag, -flagname, stored in the pointer ip, with type *int.
- var ip = flag.Int("flagname", 1234, "help message for flagname")
- If you like, you can bind the flag to a variable using the Var() functions.
- var flagvar int
- func init() {
- flag.IntVar(&flagvar, "flagname", 1234, "help message for flagname")
- }
- Or you can create custom flags that satisfy the Value interface (with
- pointer receivers) and couple them to flag parsing by
- flag.Var(&flagVal, "name", "help message for flagname")
- For such flags, the default value is just the initial value of the variable.
-
- After all flags are defined, call
- flag.Parse()
- to parse the command line into the defined flags.
-
- Flags may then be used directly. If you're using the flags themselves,
- they are all pointers; if you bind to variables, they're values.
- fmt.Println("ip has value ", *ip)
- fmt.Println("flagvar has value ", flagvar)
-
- After parsing, the arguments after the flag are available as the
- slice flag.Args() or individually as flag.Arg(i).
- The arguments are indexed from 0 through flag.NArg()-1.
-
- The pflag package also defines some new functions that are not in flag,
- that give one-letter shorthands for flags. You can use these by appending
- 'P' to the name of any function that defines a flag.
- var ip = flag.IntP("flagname", "f", 1234, "help message")
- var flagvar bool
- func init() {
- flag.BoolVarP("boolname", "b", true, "help message")
- }
- flag.VarP(&flagVar, "varname", "v", 1234, "help message")
- Shorthand letters can be used with single dashes on the command line.
- Boolean shorthand flags can be combined with other shorthand flags.
-
- Command line flag syntax:
- --flag // boolean flags only
- --flag=x
-
- Unlike the flag package, a single dash before an option means something
- different than a double dash. Single dashes signify a series of shorthand
- letters for flags. All but the last shorthand letter must be boolean flags.
- // boolean flags
- -f
- -abc
- // non-boolean flags
- -n 1234
- -Ifile
- // mixed
- -abcs "hello"
- -abcn1234
-
- Flag parsing stops after the terminator "--". Unlike the flag package,
- flags can be interspersed with arguments anywhere on the command line
- before this terminator.
-
- Integer flags accept 1234, 0664, 0x1234 and may be negative.
- Boolean flags (in their long form) accept 1, 0, t, f, true, false,
- TRUE, FALSE, True, False.
- Duration flags accept any input valid for time.ParseDuration.
-
- The default set of command-line flags is controlled by
- top-level functions. The FlagSet type allows one to define
- independent sets of flags, such as to implement subcommands
- in a command-line interface. The methods of FlagSet are
- analogous to the top-level functions for the command-line
- flag set.
-*/
-package pflag
-
-import (
- "errors"
- "fmt"
- "io"
- "os"
- "runtime"
- "sort"
- "strings"
-)
-
-// ErrHelp is the error returned if the flag -help is invoked but no such flag is defined.
-var ErrHelp = errors.New("pflag: help requested")
-
-// ErrorHandling defines how to handle flag parsing errors.
-type ErrorHandling int
-
-const (
- ContinueOnError ErrorHandling = iota
- ExitOnError
- PanicOnError
-)
-
-// A FlagSet represents a set of defined flags.
-type FlagSet struct {
- // Usage is the function called when an error occurs while parsing flags.
- // The field is a function (not a method) that may be changed to point to
- // a custom error handler.
- Usage func()
-
- name string
- parsed bool
- actual map[string]*Flag
- formal map[string]*Flag
- shorthands map[byte]*Flag
- args []string // arguments after flags
- exitOnError bool // does the program exit if there's an error?
- errorHandling ErrorHandling
- output io.Writer // nil means stderr; use out() accessor
- interspersed bool // allow interspersed option/non-option args
-}
-
-// A Flag represents the state of a flag.
-type Flag struct {
- Name string // name as it appears on command line
- Shorthand string // one-letter abbreviated flag
- Usage string // help message
- Value Value // value as set
- DefValue string // default value (as text); for usage message
-}
-
-// sortFlags returns the flags as a slice in lexicographical sorted order.
-func sortFlags(flags map[string]*Flag) []*Flag {
- list := make(sort.StringSlice, len(flags))
- i := 0
- for _, f := range flags {
- list[i] = f.Name
- i++
- }
- list.Sort()
- result := make([]*Flag, len(list))
- for i, name := range list {
- result[i] = flags[name]
- }
- return result
-}
-
-func (f *FlagSet) out() io.Writer {
- if f.output == nil {
- return os.Stderr
- }
- return f.output
-}
-
-// SetOutput sets the destination for usage and error messages.
-// If output is nil, os.Stderr is used.
-func (f *FlagSet) SetOutput(output io.Writer) {
- f.output = output
-}
-
-// VisitAll visits the flags in lexicographical order, calling fn for each.
-// It visits all flags, even those not set.
-func (f *FlagSet) VisitAll(fn func(*Flag)) {
- for _, flag := range sortFlags(f.formal) {
- fn(flag)
- }
-}
-
-// VisitAll visits the command-line flags in lexicographical order, calling
-// fn for each. It visits all flags, even those not set.
-func VisitAll(fn func(*Flag)) {
- CommandLine.VisitAll(fn)
-}
-
-// Visit visits the flags in lexicographical order, calling fn for each.
-// It visits only those flags that have been set.
-func (f *FlagSet) Visit(fn func(*Flag)) {
- for _, flag := range sortFlags(f.actual) {
- fn(flag)
- }
-}
-
-// Visit visits the command-line flags in lexicographical order, calling fn
-// for each. It visits only those flags that have been set.
-func Visit(fn func(*Flag)) {
- CommandLine.Visit(fn)
-}
-
-// Lookup returns the Flag structure of the named flag, returning nil if none exists.
-func (f *FlagSet) Lookup(name string) *Flag {
- return f.formal[name]
-}
-
-// Lookup returns the Flag structure of the named command-line flag,
-// returning nil if none exists.
-func Lookup(name string) *Flag {
- return CommandLine.formal[name]
-}
-
-// Set sets the value of the named flag.
-func (f *FlagSet) Set(name, value string) error {
- flag, ok := f.formal[name]
- if !ok {
- return fmt.Errorf("no such flag -%v", name)
- }
- err := flag.Value.Set(value)
- if err != nil {
- return err
- }
- if f.actual == nil {
- f.actual = make(map[string]*Flag)
- }
- f.actual[name] = flag
- return nil
-}
-
-// Set sets the value of the named command-line flag.
-func Set(name, value string) error {
- return CommandLine.Set(name, value)
-}
-
-// isZeroValue guesses whether the string represents the zero
-// value for a flag. It is not accurate but in practice works OK.
-func isZeroValue(value string) bool {
- switch value {
- case "false":
- return true
- case "":
- return true
- case "0":
- return true
- }
- return false
-}
-
-// UnquoteUsage extracts a back-quoted name from the usage
-// string for a flag and returns it and the un-quoted usage.
-// Given "a `name` to show" it returns ("name", "a name to show").
-// If there are no back quotes, the name is an educated guess of the
-// type of the flag's value, or the empty string if the flag is boolean.
-func UnquoteUsage(flag *Flag) (name string, usage string) {
- // Look for a back-quoted name, but avoid the strings package.
- usage = flag.Usage
- for i := 0; i < len(usage); i++ {
- if usage[i] == '`' {
- for j := i + 1; j < len(usage); j++ {
- if usage[j] == '`' {
- name = usage[i+1 : j]
- usage = usage[:i] + name + usage[j+1:]
- return name, usage
- }
- }
- break // Only one back quote; use type name.
- }
- }
- // No explicit name, so use type if we can find one.
- name = "value"
- switch flag.Value.(type) {
- case boolFlag:
- name = ""
- case *durationValue:
- name = "duration"
- case *float64Value:
- name = "float"
- case *intValue, *int64Value:
- name = "int"
- case *stringValue:
- name = "string"
- case *uintValue, *uint64Value:
- name = "uint"
- }
- return
-}
-
-// PrintDefaults prints to standard error the default values of all
-// defined command-line flags in the set. See the documentation for
-// the global function PrintDefaults for more information.
-func (f *FlagSet) PrintDefaults() {
- f.VisitAll(func(flag *Flag) {
- s := ""
- if len(flag.Shorthand) > 0 {
- s = fmt.Sprintf(" -%s, --%s", flag.Shorthand, flag.Name)
- } else {
- s = fmt.Sprintf(" --%s", flag.Name)
- }
-
- name, usage := UnquoteUsage(flag)
- if len(name) > 0 {
- s += " " + name
- }
-
- s += "\n \t"
- s += usage
- if !isZeroValue(flag.DefValue) {
- if _, ok := flag.Value.(*stringValue); ok {
- // put quotes on the value
- s += fmt.Sprintf(" (default %q)", flag.DefValue)
- } else {
- s += fmt.Sprintf(" (default %v)", flag.DefValue)
- }
- }
- fmt.Fprint(f.out(), s, "\n")
- })
-}
-
-// PrintDefaults prints to standard error the default values of all defined command-line flags.
-func PrintDefaults() {
- CommandLine.PrintDefaults()
-}
-
-// defaultUsage is the default function to print a usage message.
-func defaultUsage(f *FlagSet) {
- if f.name == "" {
- fmt.Fprintf(f.out(), "Usage:\n")
- } else {
- fmt.Fprintf(f.out(), "Usage of %s:\n", f.name)
- }
- f.PrintDefaults()
-}
-
-// NOTE: Usage is not just defaultUsage(CommandLine)
-// because it serves (via godoc flag Usage) as the example
-// for how to write your own usage function.
-
-// Usage prints to standard error a usage message documenting all defined command-line flags.
-// The function is a variable that may be changed to point to a custom function.
-var Usage = func() {
- fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Usage of %s:\n", os.Args[0])
- PrintDefaults()
-}
-
-// If defined, the flag --version will print version information
-var Version string
-
-// NFlag returns the number of flags that have been set.
-func (f *FlagSet) NFlag() int { return len(f.actual) }
-
-// NFlag returns the number of command-line flags that have been set.
-func NFlag() int { return len(CommandLine.actual) }
-
-// Arg returns the i'th argument. Arg(0) is the first remaining argument
-// after flags have been processed.
-func (f *FlagSet) Arg(i int) string {
- if i < 0 || i >= len(f.args) {
- return ""
- }
- return f.args[i]
-}
-
-// Arg returns the i'th command-line argument. Arg(0) is the first remaining argument
-// after flags have been processed.
-func Arg(i int) string {
- return CommandLine.Arg(i)
-}
-
-// NArg is the number of arguments remaining after flags have been processed.
-func (f *FlagSet) NArg() int { return len(f.args) }
-
-// NArg is the number of arguments remaining after flags have been processed.
-func NArg() int { return len(CommandLine.args) }
-
-// Args returns the non-flag arguments.
-func (f *FlagSet) Args() []string { return f.args }
-
-// Args returns the non-flag command-line arguments.
-func Args() []string { return CommandLine.args }
-
-// Var defines a flag with the specified name and usage string. The type and
-// value of the flag are represented by the first argument, of type Value, which
-// typically holds a user-defined implementation of Value. For instance, the
-// caller could create a flag that turns a comma-separated string into a slice
-// of strings by giving the slice the methods of Value; in particular, Set would
-// decompose the comma-separated string into the slice.
-func (f *FlagSet) Var(value Value, name string, usage string) {
- f.VarP(value, name, "", usage)
-}
-
-// Like Var, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
-func (f *FlagSet) VarP(value Value, name, shorthand, usage string) {
- // Remember the default value as a string; it won't change.
- flag := &Flag{name, shorthand, usage, value, value.String()}
- _, alreadythere := f.formal[name]
- if alreadythere {
- msg := fmt.Sprintf("%s flag redefined: %s", f.name, name)
- fmt.Fprintln(f.out(), msg)
- panic(msg) // Happens only if flags are declared with identical names
- }
- if f.formal == nil {
- f.formal = make(map[string]*Flag)
- }
- f.formal[name] = flag
-
- if len(shorthand) == 0 {
- return
- }
- if len(shorthand) > 1 {
- fmt.Fprintf(f.out(), "%s shorthand more than ASCII character: %s\n", f.name, shorthand)
- panic("shorthand is more than one character")
- }
- if f.shorthands == nil {
- f.shorthands = make(map[byte]*Flag)
- }
- c := shorthand[0]
- old, alreadythere := f.shorthands[c]
- if alreadythere {
- fmt.Fprintf(f.out(), "%s shorthand reused: %q for %s already used for %s\n", f.name, c, name, old.Name)
- panic("shorthand redefinition")
- }
- f.shorthands[c] = flag
-}
-
-// Var defines a flag with the specified name and usage string. The type and
-// value of the flag are represented by the first argument, of type Value, which
-// typically holds a user-defined implementation of Value. For instance, the
-// caller could create a flag that turns a comma-separated string into a slice
-// of strings by giving the slice the methods of Value; in particular, Set would
-// decompose the comma-separated string into the slice.
-func Var(value Value, name string, usage string) {
- CommandLine.VarP(value, name, "", usage)
-}
-
-// Like Var, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
-func VarP(value Value, name, shorthand, usage string) {
- CommandLine.VarP(value, name, shorthand, usage)
-}
-
-// failf prints to standard error a formatted error and usage message and
-// returns the error.
-func (f *FlagSet) failf(format string, a ...interface{}) error {
- err := fmt.Errorf(format, a...)
- fmt.Fprintln(f.out(), err)
- f.usage()
- return err
-}
-
-// usage calls the Usage method for the flag set, or the usage function if
-// the flag set is CommandLine.
-func (f *FlagSet) usage() {
- if f == CommandLine {
- Usage()
- } else if f.Usage == nil {
- defaultUsage(f)
- } else {
- f.Usage()
- }
-}
-
-func (f *FlagSet) version() {
- if Version != "" {
- fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "%s v%s (%s/%s/%s)\n", os.Args[0], Version, runtime.GOOS, runtime.GOARCH, runtime.Version())
- }
-}
-
-func PrintVersion() {
- CommandLine.version()
-}
-
-func (f *FlagSet) setFlag(flag *Flag, value string, origArg string) error {
- if err := flag.Value.Set(value); err != nil {
- return f.failf("invalid argument %q for %s: %v", value, origArg, err)
- }
- // mark as visited for Visit()
- if f.actual == nil {
- f.actual = make(map[string]*Flag)
- }
- f.actual[flag.Name] = flag
-
- return nil
-}
-
-func (f *FlagSet) parseArgs(args []string) error {
- for len(args) > 0 {
- s := args[0]
- args = args[1:]
- if len(s) == 0 || s[0] != '-' || len(s) == 1 {
- if !f.interspersed {
- f.args = append(f.args, s)
- f.args = append(f.args, args...)
- return nil
- }
- f.args = append(f.args, s)
- continue
- }
-
- if s[1] == '-' {
- if len(s) == 2 { // "--" terminates the flags
- f.args = append(f.args, args...)
- return nil
- }
- name := s[2:]
- if len(name) == 0 || name[0] == '-' || name[0] == '=' {
- return f.failf("bad flag syntax: %s", s)
- }
- split := strings.SplitN(name, "=", 2)
- name = split[0]
- m := f.formal
- flag, alreadythere := m[name] // BUG
- if !alreadythere {
- if name == "help" { // special case for nice help message.
- f.usage()
- return ErrHelp
- } else if name == "version" { // special case for nice version string
- f.version()
- return ErrHelp
- }
- return f.failf("unknown flag: --%s", name)
- }
- if len(split) == 1 {
- if bv, ok := flag.Value.(boolFlag); !ok || !bv.IsBoolFlag() {
- return f.failf("flag needs an argument: %s", s)
- }
- f.setFlag(flag, "true", s)
- } else {
- if err := f.setFlag(flag, split[1], s); err != nil {
- return err
- }
- }
- } else {
- shorthands := s[1:]
- for i := 0; i < len(shorthands); i++ {
- c := shorthands[i]
- flag, alreadythere := f.shorthands[c]
- if !alreadythere {
- if c == 'h' { // special case for nice help message.
- f.usage()
- return ErrHelp
- } else if c == 'V' { // special case for nice version string
- f.version()
- return ErrHelp
- }
- return f.failf("unknown shorthand flag: %q in -%s", c, shorthands)
- }
- if bv, ok := flag.Value.(boolFlag); ok && bv.IsBoolFlag() {
- f.setFlag(flag, "true", s)
- continue
- }
- if i < len(shorthands)-1 {
- if err := f.setFlag(flag, shorthands[i+1:], s); err != nil {
- return err
- }
- break
- }
- if len(args) == 0 {
- return f.failf("flag needs an argument: %q in -%s", c, shorthands)
- }
- if err := f.setFlag(flag, args[0], s); err != nil {
- return err
- }
- args = args[1:]
- break // should be unnecessary
- }
- }
- }
- return nil
-}
-
-// Parse parses flag definitions from the argument list, which should not
-// include the command name. Must be called after all flags in the FlagSet
-// are defined and before flags are accessed by the program.
-// The return value will be ErrHelp if -help was set but not defined.
-func (f *FlagSet) Parse(arguments []string) error {
- f.parsed = true
- f.args = make([]string, 0, len(arguments))
- err := f.parseArgs(arguments)
- if err != nil {
- switch f.errorHandling {
- case ContinueOnError:
- return err
- case ExitOnError:
- os.Exit(2)
- case PanicOnError:
- panic(err)
- }
- }
- return nil
-}
-
-// Parsed reports whether f.Parse has been called.
-func (f *FlagSet) Parsed() bool {
- return f.parsed
-}
-
-// Parse parses the command-line flags from os.Args[1:]. Must be called
-// after all flags are defined and before flags are accessed by the program.
-func Parse() {
- // Ignore errors; CommandLine is set for ExitOnError.
- CommandLine.Parse(os.Args[1:])
-}
-
-// Whether to support interspersed option/non-option arguments.
-func SetInterspersed(interspersed bool) {
- CommandLine.SetInterspersed(interspersed)
-}
-
-// Parsed returns true if the command-line flags have been parsed.
-func Parsed() bool {
- return CommandLine.Parsed()
-}
-
-// The default set of command-line flags, parsed from os.Args.
-var CommandLine = NewFlagSet(os.Args[0], ExitOnError)
-
-// NewFlagSet returns a new, empty flag set with the specified name and
-// error handling property.
-func NewFlagSet(name string, errorHandling ErrorHandling) *FlagSet {
- f := &FlagSet{
- name: name,
- errorHandling: errorHandling,
- interspersed: true,
- }
- return f
-}
-
-// Whether to support interspersed option/non-option arguments.
-func (f *FlagSet) SetInterspersed(interspersed bool) {
- f.interspersed = interspersed
-}
-
-// Init sets the name and error handling property for a flag set.
-// By default, the zero FlagSet uses an empty name and the
-// ContinueOnError error handling policy.
-func (f *FlagSet) Init(name string, errorHandling ErrorHandling) {
- f.name = name
- f.errorHandling = errorHandling
-}